新的无溶剂，意大利面条般的版本BEVA 371阿克伦之前，它被修剪成颗粒和包装分发。 Nita L. Roberts摄。
研究ers at the bet365官网 of bet365官网 (UA), along with partners at the Getty Foundation and New York bet365官网 (NYU), have developed a revolutionary formulation of an adhesive that will be used by art conservators around the world and highlights UA’s place as an international leader in polymer research.
这一突破是由盖蒂基金会（Getty）资助的一项重大保护科学研究资助的结果。盖蒂基金会是一家总部位于洛杉矶的基金会，支持致力于促进洛杉矶乃至全世界对视觉艺术的更好理解和保护的个人和机构。 盖蒂大学、亚利桑那大学和纽约大学于5月27日至31日在明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯市举行的美国自然保护研究所年度会议上宣布了这种粘合剂的开发，并展示了研究项目的成果。
bet365官网 adhesive, which will be known as BEVA 371 bet365官网 in recognition of the bet365官网’s contributions, is a safer and more sustainable substitute for BEVA 371, an adhesive that for decades was used by conservators worldwide in the structural treatment of paintings on canvas and related artistic media. bet365官网 research for BEVA 371 bet365官网 was done in the lab of Ali Dhinojwala博士, W. Gerald Austen Endowed Chair and H.A. Morton Professor in the College of Engineering and Polymer Science at UA.
聚合物和艺术连接在哪里
UA的研究人员接受了挑战
Developed in 1972 by Austrian American painting conservator 古斯塔夫·伯杰, the original Berger’s Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (BEVA) formula became a popular adhesive used in the conservation field. 博物馆里的画作可能需要通过一种叫做衬里的处理方法，在艺术品的背面附加一块额外的帆布，这种处理方法可以保护老化的艺术品，使它们能够继续安全地展出。 存在许多衬里技术，像BEVA 371这样的材料用于将新的衬里帆布粘附到原始支撑的反面。 BEVA 371粘合剂以其强度和非渗透性而迅速闻名，这消除了与早期系统相关的风险，这些系统的组件可能穿透油漆层，导致它们看起来比艺术家预期的更脏、更暗。 bet365官网 first painting in a museum collection to be lined with BEVA 371 was “Paris Through a Window” by Marc Chagall, which is in the collection of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York. 世界各地机构的数千件艺术品已被BEVA 371修复。
最初的BEVA 371配方依靠工业热封粘合剂技术，由于其粘度窗口长，熔点相对较低，因此非常适合艺术品。 然而，一种关键成分Laropal K-80已于2005年停产，另一种成分邻苯二甲酸酯增粘剂Cellolyn 21E已于2020年停产。
As part of its 保护帆布 initiative, the Getty Foundation awarded a research grant in 2021 to NYU’s Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, which partnered with the UA College of Engineering and Polymer Science’s School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, the 顶级 polymer science and plastics engineering program in the world, to develop a solution.
“Without these key resins, a major resource for the field of art conservation was lost,” Dhinojwala said. “Finding a satisfactory substitute that matched the original adhesive’s favorable thermal performance was critical to optimizing the material options available to conservators.”
Dharamdeep Jain ' 17（右一）带领一群来自意大利和美国的研究人员和艺术保护人员参观了UA固特异聚合物中心的实验室，他们于2024年6月参观了校园，了解了新的BEVA 371阿克伦艺术粘合剂。 杰森·米勒摄，阿克伦大学。
超越了原来的公式
After a multi-year collaboration, the newly reformulated BEVA 371 bet365官网 product successfully matches the original formula’s characteristics, while using resins that were not available during Berger’s development of the original formulation. 新版本不含邻苯二甲酸盐，使其更安全，因为邻苯二甲酸盐与各种健康风险有关，正在逐步淘汰。 bet365官网 team also took this opportunity to study BEVA 371 bet365官网’s chemical makeup in detail to better prepare for potential supply chain issues in the future.
“A powerful takeaway from our research was that we have a much better understanding of how the molecular architecture of the system affects performance, allowing us to tailor properties specifically for the conservation community and articulate best practice for their use,” said 克里斯McGlinchey, project director at NYU and former senior conservation scientist at bet365官网 Museum of Modern Art in New York. “We’ve conducted rigorous performance testing of the recipe with leading experts, and we are thrilled with the new, conservation-optimized formulation that will provide conservators more ways to work. It’s a big win anytime you enable a conservator to do their work more safely and effectively.”
BEVA 371 bet365官网最重要的成就之一是它的可持续性效益，而且它现在可以根据需要生产三种不同的版本。 除了原来的预混版本，一个新的，无溶剂固体配方有一个更长的保质期，将更轻，成本更低的运输。 养护人员可以在工作室中溶解他们需要的量，允许更大的灵活性来控制烟雾，并使用新的和改进的溶剂，因为它们出现在现场。 该团队还在开发一种无溶剂、无纺布配方，其中纤维结构是纯粘合剂。
“bet365官网 new forms and sustainable attributes of BEVA 371 bet365官网 are a major win for our field and will help conservators lower their environmental impact as they can mix solvents on demand,” said Matteo Rossi Doria, a Rome-based senior paintings conservator and international expert in lining treatments for paintings on canvas.
Rossi Doria helped the research team test formulations to ensure the new recipe met conservators’ standards. “This project has been a long time coming, and we are so glad the new formula is going into production in multiple forms, making it a strong option for conservations across the globe.”
Premixed versions of BEVA 371 bet365官网 are now in production by distributors Conservator’s Products Company (CPC) in New Jersey and CTS in Italy, and the solvent-free, solid form will be available later this year. 固体版是通过将粘合剂挤压成长长的意大利面状面条制成的。 这些有弹性的纤维在包装分发之前硬化并修剪成小颗粒。
纽约大学美术学院保护中心的研究生们在曼哈顿大楼的屋顶上测试新的BEVA 371 bet365官网配方。 Nita L. Roberts摄。
为下一代学习经验
该项目的另一个目标是利用专门从事绘画内衬的高级修复人员的集体专业知识，将这些技能传授给新一代的修复人员。 Graduate students in conservation from NYU’s Institute of Fine Arts and a cohort of early and mid-career conservators from across Europe joined with leading practitioners for hands-on workshops, in which they studied how the original BEVA formulation could be manipulated, tested the new BEVA 371 bet365官网 formulations and learned best practices for its different treatment applications.
“Supporting training that keeps the conservation field strong and adaptable for the future is a core tenet of Getty’s grantmaking,” said 公司黄, senior program officer at the Getty Foundation who oversees conservation initiatives. “Our 保护帆布 initiative was established in 2018 and we’ve since had the pleasure of having over 250 conservation professionals across the globe participate in our workshops, ensuring conservators receive the resources and latest research required to do their crucial work.”
保护帆布 has supported professionals internationally through training projects focused on individual paintings as well as skill-building workshops that enhance conservators’ hands-on experience and technical knowledge to preserve the thousands of canvas paintings under their collective care.
“Out of all the great things that Getty has done with 保护帆布, this project is arguably the most important,” said 保罗克罗伊德, conservator at bet365官网 National Gallery, London. “With its advances in materials innovation and sustainability, the project is a shining example of how successful collaboration can be in a niche industry like ours.”
盖蒂基金会 通过支持致力于在洛杉矶和全世界促进对视觉艺术的更好理解和保护的个人和机构，履行盖蒂信托的慈善使命。 通过战略资助计划，该基金会加强艺术史作为一门全球性学科的地位，促进跨学科的保护实践，增加博物馆和档案收藏的使用，并培养当前和未来视觉艺术的领导者。 它与盖蒂的其他项目合作开展工作，以确保它们各自和共同取得最大效果。 Additional information is available at www.getty.edu/foundation.
关于纽约大学美术学院保护中心
美术学院在研究和研究生教学方面处于国际领先地位，致力于全球参与和推进艺术史、考古学、保护理论和实践领域的发展。 New York City, with its incomparable resources and vitality, provides a backdrop and extended campus for the Institute’s activities. 该保护中心成立于1960年，是美国最古老的艺术保护学位授予研究生课程。 保护中心提供为期四年的双硕士/硕士研究生课程，将保护培训与历史、考古、策展和科学研究相结合。
关于阿克伦大学高分子科学与高分子工程学院
阿克伦大学（UA）的聚合物科学与聚合物工程学院（SPSPE）是聚合物领域研究和教育的国际领导者，在聚合物科学和塑料工程领域排名世界第一。 bet365官网 program offers four-year bachelor’s degrees, two-year master’s degrees and Ph.D. programs in polymer science and polymer engineering. UA introduced the world’s first rubber chemistry course in 1909 and launched the world’s first Ph.D. program in polymer chemistry in 1956. SPSPE在聚合物化学，物理，加工和制造领域拥有专业知识。 bet365官网 School’s current research focus is on sustainability and decreasing the dependence on fossil fuels and reducing the carbon footprint in the manufacturing and use of polymers. 亚利桑那大学校园和阿克伦市被150多家与塑料和橡胶相关的公司所包围，为体验式学习和行业合作创造了机会。 更多信息请访问uakron.edu/polymer。
UA media contact: 汀的博伊德, 330-972-6476 or cboyd@uakron.edu
Getty media contact: 科尔卡尔霍恩, 310-440-7186 or ccalhoun@getty.edu